I am not a prisoner of History. I should not seek in it the meaning of my destiny […] I create myself incessantly.
— Frantz Fanon
Precarity is not an exceptional condition but the system within which Robert must learn to live: the boy finds himself burdened with responsibilities he is not yet old enough to bear. Completing the picture are the militias moving through Bangui, an unpredictable threat that recurs like the rain looming over the landscape.
Yet Rafiki Fariala, making his fiction debut after the documentary Nous, étudiants!, avoids turning suffering into a spectacle of misery. Rooted in his own autobiographical experience, his gaze does not seek to force an emotional response from the viewer. Instead, he follows Robert through the material realities of his daily life, allowing the tragedy to emerge from the most ordinary tasks: finding food, washing cars, earning a little money, looking after his siblings, studying. Survival becomes a sequence of tasks to be completed, leaving little room for the possibility of simply being a teenager.
Robert and his siblings, however, are not merely victims of circumstances that force them to work and make themselves useful. They are also young people who play, joke and tease one another. Even buying sanitary pads for his sister becomes a small comic episode: examining the package, the two try to work out how they are used, turning an everyday errand into a shared discovery. It is a modest scene, but that is precisely what makes it so precious. It does not diminish the seriousness of their situation; it shows that life can never be entirely reduced to the conditions that imprison it.
Lightness does not erase tragedy; it deprives it of its monopoly over existence. This is one of the film’s most successful aspects. Play, irony and music do not function as consolations added from the outside, or as decorative touches intended to soften an otherwise unbearable reality.
Music, naturally, occupies an even more significant place. Robert writes, composes, sings and performs in venues around Bangui. His voice cuts through a world in which individual possibilities seem predetermined by birth, geographical origin and financial means. Music is work, passion and a potential path to emancipation, but it is also a space in which Robert can finally speak in his own voice rather than constantly responding to the needs of others.
The question of identity also runs through his education. For a foreign-born teenager, obtaining a diploma means more than studying and passing exams: it means finding the money to cover costs that are lower for a local student of the same age. Merit, in other words, is not enough. Inequality takes its most tangible form here: not everyone pays the same price for the same opportunity.
Migration does not guarantee emancipation: changing countries does not necessarily mean escaping precarity, and family responsibilities can further restrict the freedom to choose.
In Diego Luna’s
Ceniza en la boca, the conflict centres primarily on the emotional and material cost of seeking a better life; in
Congo Boy, this is compounded by the need to affirm a cultural identity and defend a personal ambition through music.
But if society imposes the identity of a refugee on Robert, his family risks assigning him another, equally constraining identity. His visits to his father in prison become increasingly conflictual. The man insists that once Robert has graduated, he should go to university and become a doctor. It is not enough for him that his son manages to get by in extreme circumstances; he wants him to have a respectable profession, a clearly defined path, a guarantee of upward mobility. Robert, however, wants to make music. “I’m an artist”: this is the position he asserts against a life plan devised by someone else.
The film’s autobiographical dimension gives it a particular sense of immediacy. Rafiki Fariala, born in 1997 in Uvira, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, arrived in the Central African Republic as a child with his parents, fleeing the war. Before becoming a filmmaker, he established himself as a musician and slam poet. Robert’s story therefore reworks lived experience, including the period when his parents’ arrest forced him to look after his siblings. For both Robert and Fariala, music has offered a means of survival and self-assertion.
The casting of non-professional actors, their extraordinary faces, the tangible quality of the locations and the attention to everyday gestures reinforce the impression of lived reality. Music, meanwhile, opens the narrative onto a more lyrical dimension without severing its connection to the surrounding world. Even when Robert takes the stage, violence does not disappear: the militias can invade spaces of entertainment, too. There is no completely protected elsewhere, no safe zone in which art can forget the world. And yet music makes a form of freedom perceptible, one that does not mean escaping reality but finding a way to give it a shape of one’s own.
The place in which I’ll fit will not exist until I make it.
— James Baldwin